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		Use of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish Aquaculture
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		Summary Many bacterial infections in ornamental fish are avoidable with proper management. However, if a population does become infected, it is important to eliminate or reduce all contributing stresses. A fish health specialist should be consulted to assist with proper diagnosis, to run culture and sensitivity tests, and to provide the best information regarding dosages and treatment intervals. Misuse of any antibiotic can lead to the creation of resistant bacteria in a facility. In an attempt to avoid this, some farms will rotate the antibiotics they use every few months or every year. However, the best solution is to positively identify the bacteria by running culture and sensitivity tests, and thereby avoid unnecessary, costly and potentially harmful treatments. The most extreme cases of misuse and 'shot-gunning' can result in 'superinfections' in fish. These infections are caused by bacteria that are resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Obviously, this situation is not desirable and it is completely avoidable in most cases. Once it occurs, however, little can be done to reverse the situation and the farmer is left with no treatment options other than scrupulously good management. References Alpharma Corporation, Canada. Romet B® package instructions. Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. and Rupiper, D.J. 1996. Exotic Animal Formulary. First Ed. Greystone Publications, Manhattan, KS. 310 pp. Colorni, A. and Paperna, I. 1983. Evaluation of Nitrofurazone Baths in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections of Sparus aurata and Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture 35: 181-186. Gilmartin, W.G., Camp, B.J. and Lewis, D.H. 1976. Bath Treatment of Channel Catfish with Three Broad Spectrum Antibiotics. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 12: 555-559. Kitzman, J.V. and Holley, J.H. 1989. Drug Distribution and Tissue Concentration of Gentamicin in the Channel Catfish. Proceedings, 29th Annual Conference, International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine, San Antonio, TX. pp. 18-22. Noga, E.J. 1996. Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St. Louis, MO. 367 pp. Nusbaum, K.E. and Shotts, E.B. 1981. Absorption of Selected Antimicrobic Drugs from Water by Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38: 993-996. Post, G. 1987. Textbook of Fish Health. TFH Publications, Inc., Neptune City, NJ. 288 pp. Stoskopf, M.K. 1993. Fish Medicine. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 882 pp. Francis-Floyd, R., Klinger, R., Yanong, R.P.E., Riggs, A. and Watson, C.A. 2001. Two-Day Fish Health Management Workshop. Course notebook. University of Florida, Departments of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, CALS and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, CVM. Stoskopf, M.K. Fish Chemotherapeutics in Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practice: Tropical Fish Medicine, March 1988. M. Stoskopf (ed). W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. pp. 331-348. Table 1. List of specific antibiotics (based on 100% active ingredient) used in production of ornamental fish and their suggested corresponding oral and bath dosages. If antibiotic is not pure, and percent active ingredient is known, see Equation 1 below for determination of correction factor. -------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes 1. This document is Circular 84, one of a series from the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: January 2003. Please visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Roy P.E. Yanong, Assistant Professor, Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Ruskin, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Services, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, FL 32611. -------------------------------------------------------- The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race color, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. For information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension Service office. Florida Cooperative Extension Service / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences / University of Florida / Christine Taylor Waddill, Dean -------------------------------------------------------- Copyright Information This document is copyrighted by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) for the people of the State of Florida. UF/IFAS retains all rights under all conventions, but permits free reproduction by all agents and offices of the Cooperative Extension Service and the people of the State of Florida. Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS, citing the publication, its source, and date of publication. SimplyDiscus.com gratefully thanks the Florida Cooperative Extension Service for permission to use this article. Please visit them at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

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